VIGILANT DEFENSE Drawing
by James Williamson
Title
VIGILANT DEFENSE Drawing
Artist
James Williamson
Medium
Painting - Pencil And Graphite On Archival Paper
Description
OHIO CLASS Submarine navigating the waters of Puget Sound located in the Pacific Northwest, United States. Mt Rainier in the distance.
Artist James Williamson ASMA,
Signature Member of the American Society of Marine Artists
Artwork created to honor those who designed and built the Ohio Class Submarines, the crews on patrol and the men and women of Bangor. Washington.
I create detailed drawings of complex subjects before completing a full color painting. This drawing was created by using pencil on archival drawing paper. All elements of subject placement and areas of light and dark are worked out. This technique is very helpful before beginning the full color finished work.
Ohio-Class Submarine
The Ohio class is a class of nuclear-powered submarines currently used by the United States Navy. The navy has 18 Ohio-class submarines: 14 ballistic missile submarines (SSBN) and four that were later converted to guided missile submarines (SSGN).
The Ohio class was named after the lead submarine of this class, USS Ohio. The 14 Trident II SSBNs together carry approximately fifty percent of the total US active inventory of strategic thermonuclear warheads. Although the Trident missiles have no pre-set targets when the submarines go on patrol, the warheads are capable of being targeted quickly using secure and constant radio communications links, including very low frequency (VLF) systems. All the Ohio-class submarines, except for USS Henry M. Jackson, are named for U.S. states, which until that point was a tradition reserved for battleships and cruisers.
The Ohio-class submarines are the largest submarines ever built for the U.S. Navy. Two classes of the Russian Navy's submarines have larger total displacements: the Soviet-designed Typhoon-class submarines have more than twice the total displacement, and Russia's Borei-class submarines have roughly 25 percent greater displacement, but the Ohio-class boats carry more missiles than either: 24 Trident missiles per boat, versus 16 missiles for the Borei class (20 for the Borei II) and 20 for the Typhoon class.
Class Overview
Name: Ohio Class
Builders: General Dynamics Electric Boat
Operators: United States Navy
Preceded by: Benjamin Franklin Class
Succeeded by: Columbia Class
Built: 1976-1997
In Commission: 1981 – Present
Planned: 24
Completed: 18
Cancelled: 6
Active: 18
General Characteristics
Type: SSBN/SSGN (hull design SCB-304)
Displacement: 16,764 tonnes (16,499 long tons) Surfaced
18,750 tonnes (18,450 long tons) Submerged
Length: 560 ft (170 m)
Beam: 42 ft (13 m)
Draft: 35.5 ft (10.8 m) maximum
Propulsion: 1 x S8G PWR Nuclear Reactor
2 x geared turbines: 60,000 shp
(45 MW) Fairbanks Morse auxiliary diesel
1 x 325 hp (242 Kw) auxiliary motor
1 shaft with seven-bladed screw
Speed: 12 knots (22km/h; 14 mph) surfaced
20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) submerged (official)
25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph) submerged (reported)
Range: Limited only by food supplies
Test Depth: +800 ft (240m)
Complement: 15 Officers, 140 Enlisted
Sensors: BQQ-6 Passive Bow-Mounted Array (which includes BQS-13 fire control array)
BQR-19 Navigation
TB-16 or BQR-23 Towed Array
BQR-25 Conformal Array
Armament: 4 x 21 Inch (533 m) Mark 48 Torpedo Tubes
General Characteristics: SSBN-726 to SSBN-733
Armament: 24 x Trident I C4 SLBM with up to 8 MIRVed 100 kt TNT W76 Nuclear Warheads each, range 4,000 nautical miles (7,400 km. 4,600 miles) Total: 192 nuclear warheads
MIRV multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles
General Characteristics SSBN-734 and subsequent hulls upon construction, SSBN-730 to SSBN-733 Since Refueling
Armament: 24 x Trident II D5 SLBM with up to 12 MIRVed W76 or W88 (300-475 ktTNT) nuclear warheads each, range 6,100 nautical miles (11,300 km; 7,000 miles) Total: 288 nuclear warheads
MIRV multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles
Armament: 22 tubes, each with 7 Tomahawk cruise missiles, totaling 154
The Ohio-class submarines were designed specifically for extended war-deterrence patrols. Each of these submarines is provided with two complete crews, called the Blue crew and the Gold crew, with each crew serving typically on 70- to 90-day deterrent patrols. To decrease the time in port for crew turnover and replenishment, three large logistics hatches have been installed to provide large-diameter resupply and repair access. These hatches allow rapid transfer of supply pallets, equipment replacement modules, and machinery components, significantly reducing the time required for replenishment and maintenance of the submarines.
The class's design allows the boat to operate for about fifteen years between major overhauls. These submarines are reported to be as quiet at their cruising speed of 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) or more than the previous Lafayette-class submarines at 6 knots (11 km/h; 6.9 mph), although exact information remains classified. Fire control for their Mark 48 torpedoes is carried out by Mark 118 Mod 2 system, while the Missile Fire Control (MFC) system is a Mark 98.
The Ohio-class submarines were constructed from sections of hull, with each four-deck section being 42 ft (13 m) in diameter. The sections were produced at the General Dynamics Electric Boat facility, Quonset Point, Rhode Island, and then assembled at its shipyard at Groton, Connecticut.
The US Navy has a total of 18 Ohio-class submarines which consist of 14 ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs), and four cruise missile submarines (SSGNs). The SSBN submarines are also known as "Trident" submarines and provide the sea-based leg of the U.S. nuclear triad. Each SSBN submarine is armed with up to 24 Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM). Each SSGN is capable of carrying 154 Tomahawk cruise missiles, plus a complement of Harpoon missiles to be fired through their torpedo tubes.
The first eight Ohio-class submarines were armed at first with 24 Trident I C4 SLBMs. Beginning with the ninth Trident submarine, Tennessee, the remaining boats were equipped with the larger, three-stage Trident II D5 missile. The Trident I missile carries eight multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRV), while the Trident II missile carries twelve, in total delivering more destructive power than the Trident I missile and with greater accuracy. Starting with Alaska in 2000, the Navy began converting its remaining ballistic missile submarines armed with C4 missiles to carry D5 missiles. This task was completed in mid-2008.
The first eight submarines had their home ports at Bangor, Washington, to replace the submarines carrying the Polaris A3 missile that were then being decommissioned. The remaining ten submarines originally had their home ports at Kings Bay, Georgia, replacing the Poseidon and Trident Backfit submarines of the Atlantic Fleet. During the conversion of the first four submarines to SSGNs (see below), five of the submarines, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Nebraska, Maine, and Louisiana, were transferred from Kings Bay to Bangor. Further transfers occur as the strategic weapons goals of the United States change.
In 2011, Ohio-class submarines carried out 28 deterrent patrols. Each patrol lasts around 70 days. Four boats are on station ("hard alert") in designated patrol areas at any given time. From January to June 2014, Pennsylvania carried out a 140-day-long patrol, the longest to date.
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September 18th, 2017
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